Fitting a Structural Media Model to Reduce the Effects and Consequences of Human Rights Violations in Iraq
Keywords:
Human rights violations, media awareness, media skills development, structural disintegration, ideological deviation, IraqAbstract
Purpose: This study aims to fit a structural media model for reducing the effects and consequences of human rights violations in Iraq by analyzing the relationships among environmental, ideological, structural, and media-related variables.
Methods and Materials: The research employed a quantitative survey design using a correlational approach. The statistical population consisted of human rights activists and experts in Iraq during 2024–2025, with a sample of 384 participants selected via convenience sampling based on Cochran’s formula. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire derived from qualitative data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis, composite reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha were used to assess the measurement model. The structural model was evaluated using SmartPLS 4 and SPSS 27 software to estimate path coefficients, R², Q², and GOF values, confirming model fit and predictive relevance.
Findings: The results demonstrated that macro-environmental dynamics significantly influenced human rights violations (t = 9.165, p < 0.001), while human rights violations significantly affected media skills development (t = 4.107, p < 0.001) but not media awareness (t = 1.263, p = 0.207). Ideological deviation had a significant effect on both media awareness (t = 2.335, p = 0.020) and skills development (t = 2.240, p = 0.025). Structural disintegration significantly impacted media awareness (t = 4.392, p < 0.001) and skills development (t = 3.725, p < 0.001). Both media awareness (t = 3.816, p < 0.001) and skills development (t = 5.257, p < 0.001) significantly influenced international image optimization. The model’s GOF score (0.594) indicated strong overall fit.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the multifactorial nature of human rights violations in Iraq and highlight the critical role of media-related strategies—particularly skill development—in mitigating their impact and enhancing international perception. Structural and ideological barriers must be addressed to fully leverage media's transformative potential.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Suzan Mehdi Fayyad Al-Shammari (Author); Ali Jafari; Aysar Khaleel Ibrahim, Mojtaba Aghajani (Author)
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